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英最新研究：吃素抗衰老的奥秘 | Veg News
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根据一项研究，减少鱼和肉类蛋白质摄取量可以减缓人的老化过程，延长预期寿命。
科学家一直以来都相信超低卡路里——大概正常水平的60%的饮食可以很大程度上延长寿命。然而，目前一组英国研究人员发现造成这种影响的关键是一种特殊蛋白质摄取量的减少，而不是总的卡路里数。
这意味着少吃含有这种蛋白质的食物，如肉，鱼和一些坚果，人们就可以活更长时间，而不用减少用餐量。来自英国伦敦大学学院健康老龄化研究所的MatthewPiper教授说道，素食是一种可以达到长寿效果的很好的方法。
这项对猴子等的动物研究显示减少食物的摄取量有益于健康，并且可以延长寿命。研究者发现减少多达30%的卡路里摄取量可以降低一半患心脏病或癌症的概率，并且可以延长近1/3的寿命。
在英国，绝大部分人在极端的饮食- 恰好超过营养不良的水平的情况下活到了100岁，将平均寿命提高了25年。
然而，在一系列对果蝇的新实验中，科学家发现仅调整饮食中氨基酸就可以影响寿命。进一步的研究显示一种特殊的氨基酸，蛋氨酸，是造成这一切影响的关键。尽管苍蝇和人类区别很大，研究者相信这种影响很有可能存在于各种各样不同的物种里，包括人类。
Piper教授说：“并不是简单地说'少吃坚果' 或者 '吃更多坚果'就可以长寿”，而是要保持蛋白质摄取平衡- 一个对高蛋白饮食非常重要的影响因素，比如英国士兵饮食或健美运动员的蛋白质补充。
蛋氨酸是所有蛋白质组成的必要物质，且在鱼、肉类、芝麻种子、巴西坚果、麦芽里天然含量丰富。
人类拥有比果蝇多大概四倍的基因，但彼此也拥有很多基本生物功能的类似基因。因此，尽管果蝇在外观上与人类豪不相似，但是很多关于它的基本生物性研究也可以外推到人类身上。
Piper教授说：“这项研究是在果蝇身上做的，但同样的结果也出现在老鼠身上。如果最终证实在人类身上也会出现同样的影响，那么重要的信息就是避免摄取含高水平蛋氨酸的食物。”
Reducing consumption of a protein found in fish and meat could slow the ageing process and increase life expectancy,according to the research.
Scientists have long believed that an ultra-low calorie diet- approximately 60 per cent of normal levels - can lead to greater longevity. But now a team of British researchers have discovered that the key to the effect is a reduction in a specific protein and not the total number of calories.
That means that by reducing foods that contain the protein -such as meat, fish and certain nuts - people should live longer without theneed to cut down on meals.
Dr Matthew Piper, from the Institute of Healthy Ageing at University College London, said that a vegetarian diet could be one way to achieve the effect.
Studies in animals including monkeys have shown that reducing food intake can benefit health and increase lifespan. Researchershave found that reducing calories by as much as 30 per cent could reduce risks of developing heart disease or cancer by half and increase lifetimes by nearly a third.
The extreme diets - just above malnutrition levels - add an extra 25 years to the average life in Britain with the vast majority of people living to their 100th birthday
But in a series of new experiments on fruit flies, scientists discovered that simply varying the mix of amino acids in the dietaffected lifespan. Further study revealed that one particular amino acid, methionine, made all the difference.
Although flies and people are very different, there searchers believe the effects are likely to be conserved throughout a wide range of different species including humans.
Dr Piper said: "It's not as simple as saying 'eat lessnuts' or 'eat more nuts' to live longer - it's about getting the protein balance right, a factor that might be particularly important for high proteindiets, such as the Atkins diet or body builders' protein supplements."
Methionine is essential to the formation of all proteins. It is naturally abundant in foods such as fish and meats as well as sesame seeds,Brazil nuts and wheat germ.
Humans have around four times more genes than the fruit fly,but both share many similar genes with basic biological functions. Therefore, even though the fruit fly does not on the surface resemble humans, many findings about its basic biology can be extrapolated to humans.
"This work was done on flies but similar results havebeen found in mice," said Dr Piper. "If it turns it has the same effect on humans, then the message is avoid high levels of methionine."
翻译：Maggie
